How to really define “Development”??

How to really define “Development”??

This question has no objective answer.Debate regarding development has been going on since the age of Father of Political economy “Adam Smith”.Countries in 19th and 20th century have looked development as synonymous to capitalism.Growth rate has been the prime indicator of development.Markets were free to sell and buy.Big industries were setup,huge profits were incurred.World became dominated by big nations and capitalist class.

Countries became of other countries.Colonial countries’ economy got subjugated to their empire countries benefit.While at the same the world was seeing the phenomena of “Inequality” in all ways -political,social and economic.Inequality became too much to be ignored.People like Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels came to make people realise about their suffering.They advocated for Equality and due rights of the people.They gave the ideals like “Communism” and “Socialism”.China and USSR became torchbearers of these ideologies.But these ideologies were really successful is the questions.People in these country suffered poverty,hunger.Grass on the other side was also not green.It had its dark spots as well.Countries following capitalism such as USA,west European nations had unequal societies.Poverty and Hunger could be seem in these countries as well.Capitalism as a theory was shaken by the Great Depression of 1930’s.

So the point really is What is correct?Capitalism or socialism?Of Late answer to this question has been that none is correct.Consensus has been building around that a blend of capitalism and Socialism has to be the way.Countries took the path of development which is inclusive.Development which will be economic,social and humane.So which country is really the torchbearer of this kind of development?Is it USA,Russia,India or China?

No clear cut answer.Despite treading this path,inequality across the world is still rising.Top 1% people across the world really control 50% of wealth.Bottom three decile share only 1% of the world wide income.”Sociocapitalism” has not really born fruits till date.Question arises is what else needs to be done to ensure development which  will carry forward all,remove absolute poverty,hunger etc.

Countries need to vigorously follow the cycle of taking from the rich and giving to the poor.Increasing progressive direct taxes and spending on the human development of poor.Spending on education,health,employment,skill development is the key.These basic facilities have to be very very cheap.State should take the initiative of building institutions which are qualitative and quantitative.Poor have to be provided the equal platform,opportunities to make their life better.This would not only increase the developmental levels but would also bring peace and harmony across the world.

We have got one Earth.Everyone has got equal share to its resources.Distribution across the geographies have made people dependent upon each other.So.trade is happening for mutual sustainability.Trade should be happening on equal term caring about the needs for all.Mutual cooperation would lead to eradication of global menaces such as terrorism,hatred,dominance etc.

After all ,purpose of life is to lead a good life which is peaceful.All our needs should be met.Standard of living should be good.This will not come by way of competition but by way of cooperation.Countries should rise above skepticism,distrust and hatred towards each other.They should work for well-being of mankind.Natural resources should be used in an equitable manner.

Leaders like Gandhiji, Mandela,Martin luther are again needed in this world full of suffering.People should rise above race,religion,caste,colour,sect,gender-bias.There is no gain in discrimination based on these things.No one got segregated on these lines based on their own-choices.It was by accident of their birth that they fell into one.So their is no actual gain based on these issues.

Giving people freedom to development according to their will and providing necessary opportunities is the way forward.Inclusive development is the answer.Only capitalism and Socialism would not do.Positive intervention by state is needed in every walk of life.

First Encounter with UPSC

UPSC Civil Services Interview Transcript

28th Match,2016.Arvind Saxena Board.Afternoon time .2nd one to go for interview.Posting only the Questions to make read easy.

Me:May I come in sir?

Chairman:Yes come in.

Me:Good Afternoon mam,good afternoon sirs.

Chairman:Ashutosh have a seat.So you are graduate from IIT Roorkee.

Me:Thank you Sir.Yes Sir.

Chairman:Ashutosh why do you want to come to the civil services after engineering?

Chairman:Have you heard of world cultural festival organised in Delhi?What were its environmental impacts?

Chairman:Why is so much emphasis given to floodplain being destroyed?What so special about it?

Lady member:Have you heard about COP21?

Lady member:What is the difference in stand between developed and developing countries?

Lady member:Whats your take on that?Who is correct?

Lady member:Are you with what happened in Paris?Is it good for India?

Lady Member:What is being done to clean Ganga?

Lady member:Why is there no result on the ground?

Member 2:So you are from IIT.So many IIT graduates come to civil services.Don’t you think the brain drain is happening?

Member 2:Isn’t this affecting the corporate world?

Member 2:Your optional is Geography?You might have travelled in India a lot?

Member 2:Have you seen map of India?Tell me the rivers you need to cross while travelling from Delhi to Kanyakumari?

Member 3:What is this “Make in India”?What is being done by government to make “make in India ” a success?

Member 3:What is the difference between “Make in India” and “Make for India”?

Member 3 :How to make “Make for India” possible?

Member 3:We stand so low on “Ease of doing business”.There is also a report related to it.What is government doing for it?

Member 3:Foreign companies which will come to India will need to do import-export?What are hindrances to that?

Member 3:Have you heard of single window in import-export?

Member 4:You might been taught by good Profs in IIT.What are the reasons their are vacancies in teaching in IITs?

Member 4:What should be done for attracting Profs?

Member 4:Why only curious about environment related issues?Is it child like curiousity?

Member 4:Have you heard of “Public Trust doctrine” in environment ?

Chairman: I have noticed a unique thing in your profile.You have filled DANICS(Group B) service as your 3rd choice,above many Group A services.Why this is so?

Chairman:Thank you Ashutosh,your Interview is over.

My interview lasted around 25 mins.Board was very cordial and all smiling except the lady member.She was expression-less.Chairman was noticing my every answer and movement and expression.He had a pleasant smile on his face.

Hoping for the best!!!

Globalization and Rural Society in India

Shyam, village schools intermediate pass out. He belongs to a dalit oppressed family in the Rampur village in Uttar Pradesh. His family’s house is located at the outskirts of the Rampur. His family members are looked down upon as out casted due to their low caste and abysmal economic condition. He is the only ray of hope for his family’s welfare and upliftment. One fine morning, he happens to go to the nearby city and comes across an advertisement in a newspaper. That advertisement was regarding the scholarship given by a private funded university in USA for persuasion of a degree in Information Technology. He was excited by this piece of advertisement. He convinces his parents for applying for that scholarship. Somehow Kishan, Shyam’s father manages the money and applies for the scholarship. He was selected for it and went to study. After studying for nearly four years and working there for five years, he comes back to India. He planned and setup a BPO company in his village. His company provided employment to nearly hundreds of young men and women of Rampur. All of these employees’ family are now well off and economically sound. Now they are treated with dignity and respect. This was all done without any government help.

Hap person like Shyam not been there for Rampur, it would have been still backward and living in the dark only following daily chores of village life. This was all possible due to the global appeal by the education institution. These types of institutions, industries, companies, social organizations go for global recruitment only when countries are globally integrated. When countries are open for Globalization, innumerable opportunities are born for every section of the society. Many sectors like education, health, IT, Electronics, Manufacturing, Services are opened up. This in turn leads to more global cooperation and competition. Best Practices from across the globe are adopted to remain competitive in the globally integrated world.

Basic as well as urban amenities reach to rural areas due to their vast market opportunities (68 % of India’s population lives in rural areas). Cultures of different places are integrated and mixed. People enjoy the blend of global culture right in their native place. Various malpractices which had been persisting in villages are opened in international media. They are criticized and subsequently steps are taken for their remedies. More economic and education opportunities tends to eradicate the menace of caste system and out casting. More political opportunities are opened to the villagers. With the outside support such as NGOs, INGOs, villagers get the voice to their sufferings and demands at National and International level. Local talents are showcased to the world. Village industries such as handloom, handicrafts etc. get the global market for their products. Along with this, ambitious migration and tourism opportunities come. Today, a villager from Punjab easily takes a flight from Chandigarh to Canada, Singapore or any other place of the world. He lives up his dreams. BMWs and Audis could be easily seen in villages running towards farms.

Along with these positives, there are some dark sides which are associated with Globalization. It was only due to Shyam’s going to the city, that he came across the advertisement. All are not lucky like Shyam. There are many who could not afford to go to city and come across such openings. Years pass and people do not move out from village. Had the newspaper reached the village itself, many more would have been able to apply. Chances may be there of many more getting selected.

When there is more global integration, there is a high possibility that poor may get poorer. In the race of competition, he tends to get crushed. More innovation happens due to more competition. Village industries get a huge blow in this competitive environment due to their remaining traditional and obsolete in technology. There is a risk of village culture getting eroded due to adoption of so called modern ways of living. New generation loose the art and practices which their ancestors used to do. People become more ambitious and want to become modern. Bad practices such as alcoholism and drug abuse may come along with modernization drive. It could have a lasting bad impact on the rural society. Rural infrastructure is unique in its own ways. It has its own aesthetic value which is priceless. It could not be replaced by urban like infrastructure. Values associated with that area would get lost. Local politics also gets influenced by the external factors. Vested political interest may come into play. INGOs of other countries may try to downgrade the image of a country by showing its rural areas in bad light and backward status. Recently IB report came out with names of certain INGOs having vested political interest trying to hamper development of a nation by arousing protests by local village communities. Party politics would bring along personal interests. All these developments may tend to lose its focus from local level issues.

This analysis of Globalization shows us that it is beneficial to get more globally integrated. Rural society gets benefitted. But this should happen with some checks and balances. Shyam had being working in USA for five years, so was in a position of opening his firm and give people employment. But without Government support, this would only be rare phenomenon in few places like Rampur. So effective and continuous Government support is needed for rural development.  Government could effectively intervene in skilled employment generation at local level. Some sorts of incubation and credit facilities should be provided to Village entrepreneurs. This will make village industries innovate and remain competitive even in global market. More education and health facilities should be provided in collaboration with private and foreign firms. External foreign collaborations could happen at village level between farmer cooperatives and village’s industries cooperatives of different countries. All these support and measures would help rural society to remain beneficial from Globalization.

Should Freedom Of Speech Be An Absolute Right?

“A person’s Freedom is ensured when he ensures freedom of others.”

This Statement has been uttered by a great tall esteeming figure “Nelson Mandela”, Gandhi of South Africa. By this very statement, he wants to convey the message that everyone is free to the extent that he does not infringe upon the freedom of others. Freedom is something that everyone holds as he is born free. Everyone has the right to exercise this freedom, whether it is freedom of speech, expression or movement or anything else. Issue of freedom of speech has been too much in limelight in the recent past. There has been too much of hue & cry about it being in absolute sense or limited. Recently a liberal Bangladeshi Blogger Avijit Roy had been killed by the Fundamentalist blogger. Most probable reason for his killing is that he openly criticized about the fundamentalists’ ideas. Wendy Doniger book “The Hindus: The Alternative History” had to be pulled out of the market due to protests raised by some right-wing forces in the country. Not going in much past, some radical elements attacked the Charlie hebdo office. Charlie hebdo is a satirical magazine which had been famous for their liberal satires about religious beliefs and traditions. As evident by these examples, this issue is being debated across the world presently. It needs some serious thought.

“Everyone is born free but still bound by chains”.

This statement is true in whatever way we interpret it. If an individual wants to live in a society, he would have to have some restraints to follow the norms, notions of that very society. Same is the case with Indian society. From the very past in Indian families, Children had the freedom of speech but with certain limitations. They had to follow certain norms like respecting elders, using proper language, not creating dissent in the family etc. Indian Constitution provides the Fundamental Right of freedom of Speech. Nonetheless Our Constitution has also provided certain limitation to freedom of speech i.e. maintaining decency, public order etc. Many Constitutions around the world provide this right like USA, Britain, and France etc. Difference is that to what extent this right could be exercised? This difference varies from country to country depending upon their political scenario and other issues.

By exercising right of freedom of speech in absolute sense, a person could express his opinion in true sense. An individual’s creativity could be displayed; ideas could be generated without any fear. Learning could happen in an open way. Discussions and deliberations could take place freely on all types of issues. Strong voice could be raised against the political masters and their wrong doings. A progressive society could be built up where everyone is free to express.

We could not confidently say that providing right to freedom of speech in absolute sense would necessary lead to a progressive nation and society. Speech is not just associated with speaker or the one who is expressing. It is also associated with the listener or the one who judges the content of that speech. Everyone has his own way of interpreting the things. A person should be mature enough to understand whether the expression of speech was in good faith or having some malicious intentions. Taking the case of India, which is a developing country in a true sense, literacy rate is seventy percent and progressing slowly. So it is a high probability that a person who is illiterate could be moved by malicious speech content. India is that unique nation in the world community which is on extreme edge of a razor in many scenarios. It is multi-religious, multi-cultural, multi-linguistic nation. Holding the people of India together requires some special efforts. These efforts have been taken in a brilliant manner by national personalities like Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, and Jawaharlal Lal Nehru etc. By the efforts of these people, a feeling of Nationalism has been generated in India and is well articulated in Our Constitution. Our Constitution provides has provided best of the ideals like equality, liberty, fraternity, Secularism etc. Any action or expression of speech which harms these principles should be judged with caution. There are infinite examples of misuse of freedom of speech to gain some political or cultural mileage. If a person is provided a free license to speak anything, it would lead to chaos, hate campaign derogatory remarks etc. It could defame a personality in unnecessary provocative manner. To the extent it could be a threat to a nation’s secular fabric and could lead to its disintegration. Fringe elements of the society like fundamentalist, separatists etc. could use this right for their personal, political and religious ambitions.

In the case of Charlie hebdo, act of terrorism is condemned to the full extent. There is also alternative dimension associated with it. From the past four to five years, Charlie Hebdo magazine was unnecessarily provoking Islamists by putting up Prophet’s image in a derogatory satirical way. Satire is good humour but it has to be with a right and positive intent. It should not be put up to provoke any community or religion. There is a serious lacuna to the human’s nature that When anyone is provided with excessive right, he tends to misuse it in all probability. He tends to forget his responsibility associated with the right.

As we know “Every Right comes with a responsibility” .This responsibility should be bearing in mind while exercising the right. The responsibility could be of upholding certain values, respecting others rights, maintaining decency etc. So it becomes imperative that every citizen should exercise his right to freedom of speech with responsibility. It is also necessary to have certain exceptions to this right in legal terms till the time India’s literacy level reaches hundred percent. After this maximum level is reached it should be left to the people to decide whether the speech was in good or bad faith.

Is Sting Operation An Invasion To Privacy?

“We are free but still bound by chains.”

Can this be a valid argument in the present context? We are definitely free with no physical barriers. But it would not be incorrect to say that a man is bound by many constraints. These constraints could be emotional, financial, ideological, psychological etc. But where does an invasion to individual’s privacy fit within these constraints? It would be very valid argument to place that an infringement in privacy would create all sorts of constraints for an individual. With this background, let’s delve upon the issue whether sting operation is an invasion to privacy or not?

This debate has been going on since long, but it took fast pace since last three to four years. It took the tide when CIA was alleged for doing surveillance of communication systems of various heads of Nations. And in the recent past, with the growing instances of corruption, governments have come out with various sting techniques to get catch hold of culprits or suspects. Technology has also played its part. With the growing Internet traffic and its misuse, e-Surveillance is being done by various state agencies. The issue is whether doing sting is legal or illegal. And if it is legal, to what extent and by what means? What would be its implications on an individual’s privacy? These are some of the questions we would be trying to answer in subsequent parts of the essay. It would be very imperative to start with “Sting Operation” and then moving to the issue of “Privacy”. And finally looking on the relationship between the two and its implications.

Sting Operations can be definitely said to be the measures taken to protect or prevent something unethical and adversarial, provided it being bonafide. The concerned party on which the sting is done does not possess any knowledge that he is being watched upon. Sting operations may be lawful or unlawful. Issue is to what extent sting operation being is done? In India, it has been justified to an extent to prevent corruption, evading terrorism etc. Due to growing instances of collusive and cohesive corruption, terrorist activities, communal violence, hate speech, overthrowing of legitimate government, States have become bound to do surveillance to check unlawful activities. Sting could be done by various methods. It could be telephone tapping, Internet traffic surveillance or by physical means. “Physical means” could include voice & video recording and catching red-hand. In India, NETRA and CMS are two of the many techniques used by the State to do surveillance. Certainly the issue of Privacy comes to picture while judging the legitimacy of a Sting operation.

Everybody is born free and by virtue of his “Being”, he has some immutable rights. And Privacy is one of them. Everybody has inherent right to enjoy privacy which has been accorded to him. When sting operation is done, whatever may be the purpose “Right to Privacy” is being infringed upon. If he is informed or warned beforehand about the surveillance, he would become conscious regarding it. And to an extent, the potential adversarial condition or activity might be avoided. When somebody knows that he is being watched, he would restrain from doing unlawful activities like terrorism, corruption etc.

Our Constitution also guarantees “Right to Privacy”. Though it has not been explicitly mentioned in the text, it has been accorded the status of a Right by various interpretations of Article 21 of Indian Constitution by Supreme Court. But it is not a right in absolute sense. It has various exceptions associated with it such as “in the interest of national security, sovereignty of the country etc. where it could be curtailed. So it becomes “Categorical Imperative” for the State to protect the Nation from all sorts of contingencies or bad situations. By this virtue, conducting surveillance and sting operations comes within the very ambit of larger public interest. Taking history as a clue, spies were deployed for gathering intelligence during the time of Chandragupta Maurya under the guidance of Kautilya. But those were the times of autocracy. Today the situation has changed upside down. We are living in the world of democracy and era of “Rights by virtue of being”. Individual is supreme. His supremacy is maintained by valuable respect for his rights.

If the stings are conducted for the larger interest of the Nation and public welfare, it has to be done under the ambit of law. It would be unlawful if done extra-constitutionally. It would also be unethical and not moral, if conducted without the consent of citizens. And on the other extreme, if citizens are informed about conduction of surveillance (each and every time it is being done), whole purpose would be lost. So, one of the alternatives could be that to bring sting operation and surveillance within legal boundaries. Agency conducting sting operations should be accountable to the Parliament. Misuse or improper use should be checked. If misused, consequent legal proceedings should be done for the violation of rights.

Are the Standardized Tests good measures of academic ability?

Standardized tests really measure academic ability?

This Question is the most hotly debated and resonating topic for the past decade. Issue had been in the limelight due to increasing competition in the selected fields of study. There had been increasing mad rush for the fields like engineering, medical etc. Some analysis has shown that these examinations create a question mark on the further performance of a student wherever he gets selected. Let’s take the case of “Shyam”, who is now a MBA professional working for a MNC. He hails from a decent middle class family. He had continuously excelled in the exams he had appeared in. The year when he was in class 10th, he did not possess any knowledge and know how about what to pursue after 10th .The greatest dilemma was to choose between Mathematics and Biology Streams. His father had been consistently maintaining the position that he should pursue Mathematics. By the time when the exam results were out, seeing his good marks, his father made him to opt Mathematics. And he started preparation for Engineering Examination.

He excelled in his engineering examination and went to top University in the country. He was on the top of the world when he went to college and wanted to take full enjoyment out of his life there. Gradually as the years progressed, the lucrative prospects of a MBA degree started attracting him. He appeared for MBA entrance examination and excelled there too due to his hard preparation. Now he is working for hours in a MNC for a hefty six-figure pay but he is not happy with his life.

In the above story of Shyam , Question arises is that is there any genuine attraction towards the field or subject. Definitely, the answer is “NO”. Money was the only thing which was at the forefront and academic excellence was at the back-burner. Now the greatest debate lies in the question that what defines Academic Ability or Progress? Is it mere qualifying each and every examination which is competitive or is it sustained efforts towards academic excellence in a field where a person is genuinely interested? Let’s carry out this debate in the following course of and essay.

Now, the next question would be definitely that how to measure one’s academic ability. One of  the evaluation options is “Standardized test”. Standardized test carries a definite syllabus and definite eligibility criteria which charts out the course of examination. In India, some of these examinations are JEE-Mains for engineering, CLAT for Law and so on. The most basic feature of these examinations is that they are same for everyone who so ever appears in it. Competition level is too high. These examinations get the best out of a person. These require the sustained effort of one or two years to pass it. It requires increased level of patience and competence. Motivation for clearing the examination gets an exponential touch seeing the competition level.

But the question still remains that “Are we truly judging one’s ability in that particular field by the Standardized test”. Shyam’s case points us to look at the other scenario too. He cleared the entrance examination by his hard work but he doesn’t pursue his course to the best of his interest. He wants to enjoy best of his life which was missing during his course of preparation. This attitude definitely hampered his academics. He starts feeling the heat and mental stress. Dislike towards the subject increases and he starts looking for alternatives. By evaluating all the alternatives he zeroes on sitting for another competitive examination for a MBA degree. His ultimate solace becomes the “Money” not academic excellence. Now let us take the case that, had there been any other alternative mechanism for measuring academic ability other than only Standardized tests.

One of that alternative could have been “Continuous Evaluation Mechanism” ,right from the primary school level. Assignments and projects based on innovative thinking could have been given during each year’s study. Complimentary to this, continuous appraisal mechanism could have been setup. This would have led to a position in which teachers and parents might have been able to get good understanding about the ward’s interest and ability towards a particular field of study. And he would have pursued a career in that subject with genuine interest and passion. But we could not necessarily say that this would be the perfect solution for measuring ability. The biggest disadvantage of this evaluation is that there is no comparison happening with other students. This could lead to stagnation and lack of furtherance in efforts. Lethargic attitude could develop due to lack of competition. As the Popular saying goes

“No gain without Pain”.

So the need arises of some sort of method which would infuse competitiveness in the process of learning. For any field of study, there are some basic minimum standards which are required to pursue the subject. So judging the abilities for these basic standards becomes mandatory.

Now, seeing both the sides of a coin regarding measurement one’s academic ability. We could definitely say that neither of the two extremes are good measure of academic ability. The best alternative could be giving equal weights to both i.e. “Basic standards Test” and “Comprehensive evaluation” of past academic excellence in the field. A test could be conducted, added to this person’s profile and continuous engagement in that field during his previous studies could be taken for consideration .And a round of interview would be ice in the cake. This evaluation mechanism could land a person who will be competent enough as well as having genuine interest. Had Shyam gone through this mechanism, he might have been a happy and resourceful fellow.

Conflict Of Power Between Executive and Legislature

Indian State is made up of three organs i.e. Legislature,Executive and Judiciary.Primarily there functions are policy formulation,policy implementation and policy adjudication respectively.All the three organs of the government work within their spheres under normal circumstances.Although an effective coordination and cooperation has to be maintained between these three organs for the well functioning of the government and upholding the democratic values.Working within their own boundaries help in protecting the autonomy and integrity of the different organs of the government.This feature has been implicitly mentioned in the Indian Constitution.It owes it origin to the theory of “Separation of Powers” propounded by French Philosopher Montesquieu.At the same time “Doctrine of Checks and Balance” has also been incorporated in the Indian Constitution to keep a check on the misuse of the power given to different organs of Government.

In India,People of the country are Sovereign.They exercise their supreme power by electing the legislators from their respective constituencies.In this way these legislators are the representatives of the people in the Parliament or legislative Assemblies.Their function is to raise issues related to the people and provide solutions for them by formulating laws,regulations and rules etc.Once the policy has been formulated,Bureaucracy is the body which implements these policies.It is the prerogative of the executive how to implement and monitor the scheme.Issues related to functioning such degree of implementation could be raised in the legislature but could not be directly monitored by the legislators as this is clear clash of powers between Executive and Legislature.

Recently,Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana has been launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.In this Scheme each Member of Parliament will take the responsibility of developing physical and institutional infrastructure in three villages by 2019,Out of which one has to be achieved within 2016.Thereafter, five such Adarsh Grams (one per year) will be selected and developed by 2024.It envisages integrated development of the selected village across multiple areas such as agriculture,health, education, sanitation, environment, livelihoods etc.The district Collector will be the nodal officer for implementing the SAGY.He will conduct a monthly review meeting with representatives of the participating Line Departments.The Members of Parliament concerned will chair the review meetings.

Similar is the MPLADS(MP-local Area Development) and MLA-LADS Scheme,Five Crore Rupees and around Four crore rupees(varies with state to state) is with the MP Fund and MLA Fund respectively to spend in their respective constituencies for the developmental Work.What Work to be done,where is to be done,how it is to be done is the sole discretion of the legislator.

These type of Schemes have very serious flaw within themselves.Bureaucrats are the selected authorities by the government for the implementation,given their vast experience in the ground work,but their powers are being overridden by sharing or out-rightly taken by legislators by way of monitoring and reviewing & Chairing the meetings by them.Although legislators represent the people of constituencies but there is high likely possibility of Unfair implementation by them.As they are being elected by the people,they would like to work or provide advantage to people to gain maximum political benefits.Clearly this is not in the larger public interest.At the same time,Bureaucracy is Politically neutral,it works in the best interest of the people regarding implementation.MP-LAD Scheme is the breeding ground of Corruption at the local level.Funds are being misused or not being used at all.It leads to Politician-Business Nexus in awarding of contracts etc.

After all tax-payers money is being drained which could have been judiciously used for the welfare of the people.In India,Policy formulation is not the problem but its poor Implementation is the problem.Their is a serious need for the ratification of this problem.As the 2nd ARC(Adminstrative Reforms Commission,2005) has recommended of total scrapping of MP-LAD type Schemes and recently too debate is going on.But this is not the only Solution to the problem.Bringing out minor Changes to it would lead to better results.One Solution to this could be:Funds which come under the MPs/MLAs should be transferred to District Collector and the sole discretion for withdrawal from it should be that of him.Constituency Level Advisory Committee consisting of MP/MLA and some active civil Society members should be formed for advising the District Collector regarding the usage of Funds,but the advise tendered should not be binding on him.This will not only provide inputs for proper use of funds and at the same time,give the opportunity to DC to implement fairly without any political Bias and prejudice.Discussion & deliberation of the Scheme could always be done in the legislation which will lead to pointing out good and bad Implementation and will give the space to government for further modifications.